Sheet Music
Sheet Music is written representation of music. It is a visual language readable by musicians and performers. Before the fifteenth century, it is preserved on manuscripts. After printing became available, the effect of printed music was similar to the effect of the printed word, in that information spread faster, more efficiently and to more people that it could through manuscripts.
Color Organ
In 1895, Alexander Wallace Rimington built the clavier à lumières, or keyboards with lights. His device formed the basis of the moving lights. In 1960s and 1970s, the term color organ became popularly associated with electronic devices that responded to their music with light shows.
Example: Debussy Clair de lune
Futurism and Cinema
“The dream of creating a visual music comparable to auditory music found its fulfillment in animated abstract films by artists such as Oskar Fischinger, Len Lye and Norman McLaren”-William Moritz
Futurists have another visual approach to express the content of sound with typography.
In Filippo Marinetti's Zang Tumb Tumb and Les mots en liberté, he visualized the sound by type treatment. The book of Zang Tumb Tumb celebrated the Battle of Tripoli with expressive typographic methods that combined sound poetry and visual prosody.
In Les mots en liberté, tremendous visual effects can be seen through the composition of typography. Visual imagination was required to conceive of such a work and to integrate its visual-verbal-tactile effects so thoroughly.
1921 Hans Richter "Rhythmus 21"
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