New York Times: June 27, 2011
Across Europe, Irking Drivers Is Urban Policy
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/27/science/earth/27traffic.html
I think in order to courage residents to use mass transit, there must be a "good" transit service at first. I mean accurate time table, clean environment, various routes, and fare fee. It's more likely to happen in the metropolis. Same situation, if the government want people to ride a bicycle or walk on the pedestrian, there should be safe and nice bicycle lanes and pedestrians at first.
I don't know if it's possible in NYC. Residents complain about the subway traffic and environment all the time. Some people even it will only get worse, considering tax: the amount of money invested in public transportation each year in Europe compared to the US.
June 27, 2011
Case study: World Health Day 2008
Case study:
WHO World Health Day: http://www.who.int/world-health-day/en/
World Health Day 2008 "Protecting health from climate change" http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/en/index.html
World Health Day is on April 7, and every year WHO selects different agendas to focus. In 2008, the theme is "Protecting health from climate change."
The health impacts of climate change will be difficult to reverse in a few years or decades. Yet, many of these possible impacts can be avoided or controlled. There are established steps in health and related sectors to reduce the exposure to and the effect of changing climate. For example, controlling disease vectors, reducing pollution from transport, and efficient land use and water management are well-known and tested measures that can help.The goals of the campaign are list below:
- Raise awareness and public understanding of the global and locally relevant health consequences of climate change.
- Advocate for interdisciplinary and intersectoral partnerships from the local to international level that seek to improve health through rapid deployment of mitigation strategies to stabilize climate change and development of proactive adaptation programmes to minimize health impacts.
- Generate effective actions by local communities, organizations, health systems and governments to reduce the impact of climate change on health through urgent application of mitigation and adaptation techniques.
- Demonstrate the health community’s role in facing the challenges globally and in regions, countries and communities.
- Spark commitment and action among governments, international organizations, donors, civil society, businesses and communities (especially among young people) to anchor health at the heart of the climate change agenda.
WHO - World Health Day 2008 - PSA
WHO - PSA Health and Climate Change - Breathe
Campaign materials
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/toolkit/en/index.html
I still feel like the campaign is to raise people's awareness, but I don't know it affected people or not. Like I said before, I would like to create something that you can actually see people's attitude is changing by it. I think I need to work with non-profit organizations or MTA because I think Design should work with policy to reach the goal. For example, Clean Air Campaign works with Georgia Department of Transportation to promote "Commuter Refunds." If design get more involved into the program, maybe more and more people will be willing to take transit. And we can examine the statistics before and after design gets involved.
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/toolkit/en/index.html
I still feel like the campaign is to raise people's awareness, but I don't know it affected people or not. Like I said before, I would like to create something that you can actually see people's attitude is changing by it. I think I need to work with non-profit organizations or MTA because I think Design should work with policy to reach the goal. For example, Clean Air Campaign works with Georgia Department of Transportation to promote "Commuter Refunds." If design get more involved into the program, maybe more and more people will be willing to take transit. And we can examine the statistics before and after design gets involved.
My proposal is to create a campaign for improve air quality by taking mass transit in NYC. I found out that NYC government has a campaign called GreeNYC. I am thinking that maybe I can work with them.
Or United Nation for World Health Day only?
Here is a list of events on World Health Day, 2008.
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/activities/events/en/index.html
Here is a list of events on World Health Day, 2008.
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/activities/events/en/index.html
Statement so far
The reason why I am interested in this topic not only because more and more people care about the environment and pay attention to sustainability, but also my mother and brother have respiratory system disease and suffer from air pollution. My brother is very sensitive about the particles in the polluted air. In the worst case, he has to wear a mask while in outdoor. The air pollution can affect people's life especially elders and children. I believe design can change our society and in order to improve our living environment, my goal is to test how far can design go to affect people's behavior.
Due to that L.A. is the worst air polluted city in the United States, I looked at a report of health effects of air pollution published by the South Coast Air Quality Management District in California. Ambient air pollution is a major public health concern. Excess death and increases in illness associated with high air pollution levels have been documented in several episodes as early as 1930 in Meuse, Belgium; 1948 in Donora Pennsylvania (20 residents died and 14,000 residents have been sicken), and 1952 in London.
Although levels of pollutants that occurred during these acute episodes are now unlikely in the United States, ambient air pollution continues to be linked to increases in respiratory illness and death rates. The attachment is the brief table that shows the health effects of some of the common pollutants found in our air and examples of some of the sources of these pollutants. The other table is the combined effects of estimates daily mean particulate pollution. As we can see, the air pollution can cause cancer, respiratory, lung, eye, skin illness.
Here are some facts about smog and health:
- A 1989 study funded by AQMD and conducted by Dr. Jane Hall of Cal State Fullerton found that meeting federal clean air standards for ozone and fine particulates in the South Coast region would provide $9.4 billion in health-related benefits each year. The study found that 98% of the four-county basin's population of 13 million is exposed to unhealthful air, with children especially vulnerable. In addition, 1,600 people die prematurely as a result of exposure to air pollution, according to the study.
- In 1991, as a follow up to the study, Hall looked at how air quality impacts minority communities. The study showed that minorities as a whole were shown to be exposed more often to poor air quality since they tend to live in more polluted air where housing is affordable. African-Americans and Hispanics generally breathe the worst air, partly because they tend to work in outdoor occupations.
- In 1987, Drs. Russell Sherwin and Valda Richters of USC examined the health of 152 young people, between the ages of 15 and 25, who died suddenly from accidents or homicide. In lung autopsies of over 100 of the subjects, slight lung airspace inflammation was found in 75% of the group, with severe damage in 27%. In addition, all of the youths examined had some degree of airway inflammation, while 39% had severe illness in the bronchial glands and 29% had severe illness in their bronchial linings. Combined, about 54% of the youths examined had at least one site of severe illness. While no evidence has been found to deter-ine the levels of smoking or other contributing factors that could have affected their health, these youths appear to have provided the first positive proof of health damage from long-term exposure to poor air quality.
In order to narrow down the concentration, I decided to focus on the traffic and create a campaign for mass transportation. As we can see in the previous chart, cars and trucks are common examples of sources. Here are my stages below:
Create a campaign to encourage the public to use mass transportation, especially people who are used to drive cars. Media including prints, website, and video (animation) are considered.
- The benefits of taking mass transportation. Focus on the optimistic aspect (Infographics)
- How green can you be? Interactive calculator
- light-hearted design
- story telling
- Teach people what to do
- Example: CITGO Fueling Good. http://www.fuelinggood.com/ This program is about giving thousands of gallons of gas to charitable organizations in our 27-state area. They promote them self as a positive image to the communities. The warm and positive design (colors, graphics, and typefaces ) make the viewers feel like they are doing something good. I like the video focusing on the good things beyond gas.
There are some non-profit organizations about clean air all over the world. Their goal is to raise people's awareness, and furthermore, to take action. People can donate or join the events. I feel like these non-profit organizations provide a lot of information to the public, but they don't get "graphic design" involved into their campaign. Although they do have logos, the whole campaigns are lack of the visual corporate identity.
- The video campaign. http://www.youtube.com/user/GaCleanAirCampaign#p/u
- Commute calculator. http://www.cleanaircampaign.org/Your-Commute/Commute-Calculator
Their tag line of the Clean Air Campaign is less traffic, cleaner air. For individuals, it's a way to save money, and beneficially in many aspects. I like the idea of calculator, you actually can "see" how much money you saved. I would like to take the idea and go further like how much energy you save or how green can you be. The video is very realistic. There's no fancy design in it, and I think it's a little bit weak to convince people to take action.
The organization held several events on the street to raise people's awareness, but I didn't see design in posters, stage background, or prints. They don't have a "consistent" visual identity in the campaign, so people can receive the information immediately. The first two TV commercials has completely different styles. The different events also have different design style. It's hard for the audience to perceive the organization as a whole.
- Daniel Wu Infomercial for "Fresh Air." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmH3xCpOSW8
- Breathing not allowed. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yE_QaOjOHzw
In the TV commercials, it's interesting to see they make fun of our life without clean air. They tell you the truth and impact but they don't teach you how to improve the air quality. I would like to know how to take action.
- Clean Air Auction. http://cleanairauction.com.hk/about-us/
- The air mazing race. http://www.hongkongcan.org/eng/2011/05/the-airmazing-race-a-scavenger-hunt-for-clean-air/
Their recent campaigns are Clean Air Auction and Air Mazing Race. Although the target audience is different, I still feel like there should be some consistency in design. I like the simplicity and cleanness composition in Clean Air Auction. Here is the artists' interview: http://www.youtube.com/user/CleanAirNetwork#p/c/8F64125CB4DB16C1
I found there was an AD for new york transit. http://lenayujung.blogspot.com/2011/06/case-study-clean-air-new-york-posters.html
I like it's fun and friendly design, especially the first three. The white clouds imply the change of life style is making air cleaner and healthier. The following four posters use images, but I think the images didn't correspond with the tag line very well.
They also interviewed individuals who take the transit as their radio ad.
And at last I am also curious about how design affects people's behavior. How do I know the design is working? How many people are changing their thinking and behavior? I still have to figure out how to analyze all the result.
Reference
- Air Resource Board-California Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.arb.ca.gov/
- AQMD. http://www.aqmd.gov/
- Clean Air Campaign. http://www.cleanaircampaign.org/
- Clean Air Network. http://www.hongkongcan.org/eng/
- Clean Air Auction. http://cleanairauction.com.hk/about-us/
- Clean Air New York. http://www.cleanairny.org/cleanairny/Home/Default.aspx
- South Coast Air Quality Management District Governing Board. 2006. Draft AQMP-Appendix I-Helth Effects. http://www.aqmd.gov/aqmp/07aqmp/draft/AppI.pdf
Case study: CITGO Fueling Good
Case study:
CITGO Fueling Good. http://www.fuelinggood.com/
This is the example of the kind of Design with light-hearted and relaxing elements.
This program is about giving thousands of gallons of gas to charitable organizations in our 27-state area. They promote them self as a positive image to the communities. The warm and positive design (colors, graphics, and typefaces ) make the viewers feel like they are doing something good. I like the video focusing on the good things beyond gas.
![]()
How Far Can A Gallon of Gas Go?
CITGO Heating Oil
CITGO Fueling Good. http://www.fuelinggood.com/
This is the example of the kind of Design with light-hearted and relaxing elements.
This program is about giving thousands of gallons of gas to charitable organizations in our 27-state area. They promote them self as a positive image to the communities. The warm and positive design (colors, graphics, and typefaces ) make the viewers feel like they are doing something good. I like the video focusing on the good things beyond gas.
- Infographics based
- Warm and Friendly design elements
- Interactive naviation
How Far Can A Gallon of Gas Go?
CITGO Heating Oil
Case study: Clean Air Campaign in Atlanta, Georgia
Case study:
Clean Air Campaign in Atlanta, Georgia. http://www.cleanaircampaign.org/
![]()
Their tag line of the Clean Air Campaign is "less traffic, cleaner air." For individuals, it's a way to save money, and beneficially in many aspects. I like the idea of calculator, you actually can "see" how much money you saved. I would like to take the idea and go further like how much energy you save or how green can you be. The video is very realistic. There's no fancy design in it, and I think it's a little bit weak to convince people to take action.
Clean Air Campaign in Atlanta, Georgia. http://www.cleanaircampaign.org/
- The video campaign. http://www.youtube.com/user/GaCleanAirCampaign#p/u
- Commute calculator. http://www.cleanaircampaign.org/Your-Commute/Commute-Calculator
Their tag line of the Clean Air Campaign is "less traffic, cleaner air." For individuals, it's a way to save money, and beneficially in many aspects. I like the idea of calculator, you actually can "see" how much money you saved. I would like to take the idea and go further like how much energy you save or how green can you be. The video is very realistic. There's no fancy design in it, and I think it's a little bit weak to convince people to take action.
Case study: Clean Air Network in Hong Kong
Case study:
Clean Air Network. http://www.hongkongcan.org/eng/
The organization held several events on the street to raise people's awareness, but I didn't see design in posters, stage background, or prints. They don't have a "consistent" visual identity in the campaign, so people can receive the information immediately. The first two TV commercials has completely different styles. The different events also have different design style. It's hard for the audience to perceive the organization as a whole.
Daniel Wu Infomercial for "Fresh Air."
Breathing not allowed.
In the TV commercials, it's interesting to see they make fun of our life without clean air. They tell you the truth and impact but they don't teach you how to improve the air quality. I would like to know how to take action.
Their recent campaigns are Clean Air Auction and Air Mazing Race. Although the target audience is different, I still feel like there should be some consistency in design. I like the simplicity and cleanness composition in Clean Air Auction. Here is the artists' interview: http://www.youtube.com/user/CleanAirNetwork#p/c/8F64125CB4DB16C1
Clean Air Network. http://www.hongkongcan.org/eng/
The organization held several events on the street to raise people's awareness, but I didn't see design in posters, stage background, or prints. They don't have a "consistent" visual identity in the campaign, so people can receive the information immediately. The first two TV commercials has completely different styles. The different events also have different design style. It's hard for the audience to perceive the organization as a whole.
Daniel Wu Infomercial for "Fresh Air."
Breathing not allowed.
In the TV commercials, it's interesting to see they make fun of our life without clean air. They tell you the truth and impact but they don't teach you how to improve the air quality. I would like to know how to take action.
- Clean Air Auction. http://cleanairauction.com.hk/about-us/
- The air mazing race. http://www.hongkongcan.org/eng/2011/05/the-airmazing-race-a-scavenger-hunt-for-clean-air/
Their recent campaigns are Clean Air Auction and Air Mazing Race. Although the target audience is different, I still feel like there should be some consistency in design. I like the simplicity and cleanness composition in Clean Air Auction. Here is the artists' interview: http://www.youtube.com/user/CleanAirNetwork#p/c/8F64125CB4DB16C1
Case study: Clean Air New York Posters
Case study :
Clean Air New York Posters
I found there was an AD for new york transit. Here are posters.
I like it's fun and friendly design, especially the first three. The white clouds imply the change of life style is making air cleaner and healthier. The following four posters use images, but I think the images didn't correspond with the tag line very well.
I like it's fun and friendly design, and it also interview individuals who take the transit as their radio ad.
June 20, 2011
Smog
So I think I should narrow my topic to specific area I want to discover:
1. The "impact" of smog to human health instead of the cause.
http://are.berkeley.edu/courses/EEP101/spring03/AllThatSmog/extern.html
2. What benefits can we have if smog is reduced?
3. Compare NYC to Honolulu, Hawaii
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30476335/ns/us_news-environment/t/report-lists-worst-best-cities-air-quality/
4. A campaign for New York City (focusing on transportation and and consumer products, including paint, hairspray, charcoal starter fluid, chemical solvents, and even plastic popcorn packaging.)
http://environment.about.com/od/smogfaq/f/smog_faq_five.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/smog_-_solutions.html
What interests me in the topic?
Back in Taiwan, I used to ride a scooter as my transportation to everywhere. It's important to wear a "mask" while I'm riding it because of the pollution. Otherwise my face will become black and the particles will cause some respiratory system problems. It's genetic that half of my family suffer from these kind of problem. I believe there are thousands of people suffer from the air pollution especially elders and children. The living condition will get worse if we do nothing about it. I hope that via design we can have influence on people and make improvement.
Interactive:
http://www.smogcity.com/
Architecture
http://inhabitat.com/anti-smog-architecture-a-catalyst-for-cleaner-air-in-paris/
Clean Air Act
http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/
1. The "impact" of smog to human health instead of the cause.
http://are.berkeley.edu/courses/EEP101/spring03/AllThatSmog/extern.html
2. What benefits can we have if smog is reduced?
3. Compare NYC to Honolulu, Hawaii
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30476335/ns/us_news-environment/t/report-lists-worst-best-cities-air-quality/
4. A campaign for New York City (focusing on transportation and and consumer products, including paint, hairspray, charcoal starter fluid, chemical solvents, and even plastic popcorn packaging.)
http://environment.about.com/od/smogfaq/f/smog_faq_five.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/smog_-_solutions.html
What interests me in the topic?
Back in Taiwan, I used to ride a scooter as my transportation to everywhere. It's important to wear a "mask" while I'm riding it because of the pollution. Otherwise my face will become black and the particles will cause some respiratory system problems. It's genetic that half of my family suffer from these kind of problem. I believe there are thousands of people suffer from the air pollution especially elders and children. The living condition will get worse if we do nothing about it. I hope that via design we can have influence on people and make improvement.
Interactive:
http://www.smogcity.com/
Architecture
http://inhabitat.com/anti-smog-architecture-a-catalyst-for-cleaner-air-in-paris/
Clean Air Act
http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/
June 13, 2011
Health Condition
I found some reference on the EPA website.
Climate Change-Health and Environment Effects
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/health.html#ref
Severe climate change can cause heart problems, asthma, skin problems, and "vector-borne" diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis.
Air pollution index
http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/
Smog-Who does it hurt?
http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=smog.page1#3
Scientists have found that about one out of every three people in the United States is at a higher risk of experiencing ozone-related health effects. Ozone can irritate the respiratory system, reduce lung function, and aggravate asthma.
Climate Change-Health and Environment Effects
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/health.html#ref
Severe climate change can cause heart problems, asthma, skin problems, and "vector-borne" diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis.
Air pollution index
http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/
Smog-Who does it hurt?
http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=smog.page1#3
Scientists have found that about one out of every three people in the United States is at a higher risk of experiencing ozone-related health effects. Ozone can irritate the respiratory system, reduce lung function, and aggravate asthma.
What have others been doing?
Kaufman, Leslie. 2011. Preparing For A Warm Future. New York Times (May 26).
http://www.startribune.com/business/122687269.html
It is reported that in the end of the century, Chicago will be as hot as if you are in the south of American. Chicago city government already set up plans to prevent severe damages caused by extreane weather.
Public alleys are being repaved with materials that are permeable to water. The white oak, the state tree of Illinois, has been banned from planting lists, and swamp oaks and sweet gum trees from the South have been given new priority.
Navarro, Mireya. 2011. New York City Rule to Ban Dirtiest Oils at Buildings. New York Times (April 21).
http://tinyurl.com/6za726d
The new rule, announced by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg as part of an update to his environmental agenda, known as PlaNYC, affects about 10,000 buildings that burn the dirtiest types of heating oil: No. 6, the cheapest oil pumped into aging boilers; and No. 4, another heavy oil that is only slightly less noxious.
In a report released on Thursday (April 21), the city’s health department said air pollution from the fine particles emitted by the dirty-oil buildings, as well as other sources in the city, caused more than 3,000 deaths, 2,000 hospital admissions for lung and heart conditions and about 6,000 emergency room visits for asthma annually.
PlaNYC 2030
http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml
Video: http://youtu.be/nh4fVjw-os0
http://www.startribune.com/
It is reported that in the end of the century, Chicago will be as hot as if you are in the south of American. Chicago city government already set up plans to prevent severe damages caused by extreane weather.
Public alleys are being repaved with materials that are permeable to water. The white oak, the state tree of Illinois, has been banned from planting lists, and swamp oaks and sweet gum trees from the South have been given new priority.
Navarro, Mireya. 2011. New York City Rule to Ban Dirtiest Oils at Buildings. New York Times (April 21).
http://tinyurl.com/6za726d
The new rule, announced by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg as part of an update to his environmental agenda, known as PlaNYC, affects about 10,000 buildings that burn the dirtiest types of heating oil: No. 6, the cheapest oil pumped into aging boilers; and No. 4, another heavy oil that is only slightly less noxious.
In a report released on Thursday (April 21), the city’s health department said air pollution from the fine particles emitted by the dirty-oil buildings, as well as other sources in the city, caused more than 3,000 deaths, 2,000 hospital admissions for lung and heart conditions and about 6,000 emergency room visits for asthma annually.
PlaNYC 2030
http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml
Video: http://youtu.be/nh4fVjw-os0
Kaufman, Leslie. 2011. Preparing For A Warm Future. New York Times (May 26).
Reuters Global Energy and Climate Summit. June 13-19, 2011.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/13/idUS15048+13-Jun-2011+HUG20110613 Texas Campaign for the Environment
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